Utilizing heat energy.



W. H. SMYTH.

UTILIZING HEAT ENERGY.

APPLICATION EILEIB DEC 11. 1802.

Patented Feb. 22, 1910.

5 SHEETS-SEEET 1.

W. H. SMYT H.

UTILIZING HEAT ENERGY.

APPLICATION TILED 920.11, 1902.

Patented Feb. 22, 1910.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

M Xx .m u n asses.-

w. H. SMYTH. V UTILIZiKG HEAT ENERGY.

APPLICLTIOE FILED DEC. 11, 1902.

Patented Feb. 191

5 BHEETS-fiHEET 3.

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W. H. SMYTH.

UTILIZING HEAT ENERGY.

APPLIUATION FILED mac. 11,1902.

Patented Feb.22,1910.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

In Illi- Q), lI-I.

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"WILLIAM H. SMYTH. OE BERKELEY. CALZEORNIA.

UTILIZIN G 'HEAT ENEBGY.

Speeificati-Jn'ot Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 1910.

Application filed December 11, 1962. Serial No. 134.840.

new anduisct'ui Improvements in Utilizing Heat Energy; and I do herebydeclare the i'ulhzxviu; to be a full, clear, and exact (lecri uion ofthe same.

'lhis invention relates to improvements in utilizi g heat energy. A

The object of the present invention is to provide means for theeconomical utilization of heat energy particularlv in its applicationtothe raising or moving of water. Thi accomplished by means of the dcr:llustr'ated in the accompanying drawinwhich':

Figural is a front elevation of the device in po-iiinn. Fig. 2 a sideelevation, portion being broken away to more clearly illu-ralc it. Fig.3 is a vertical section of the device on the line X X of Fig. 4. Fig. iis a lan view. Fig. 5 isa se tional plan on iii-e plane ol'.i' Y of Fig3 and 3. i3 is a detail on enlarged .scale of the rial introdu ingdevice. Fig. 7 a seciimral elevat on on enlarged scale through the"(boost and compre sion valves. Fig. 8 is a h rixunta. ection throughthe port 12 of th charmand expansion chamber.

lksrribcd gaicrall this invention consists of mean for introducing anexplosive charge in contact with the water to be muni. coznprwsing thecharge by the pres- -urc of the head and exploding the charge a=-t theuatcr whereby it is driven or (il to (lit? (it-*ll'fil lOCiltlOll.

l-ief rring to thedrawiug for a more.

particular description, 1 is concave or saucer shaped cud r base. thecurved inside forni- Elf a Water d th-"ting or directing surface.

.i i provide with a central dmvnwardly cxicnhng li lii ll pipe 2 andhaving an upwanll opening valv controlling pipe 2.

A com shaped lnanl l l scciil't-(l over the vain- 1. r.-.' rd -li; -htlv above the inner surface of tlnabas" to leave an annular openingfibrtwecn ll and the surface of the base 1 and forming with this surfacean annular recurred deflector.

6 is a plate shown of annular form pio.

vided with valves 7 opening 11 ward and arranged in a circle as shown111 1g. 5.

of California. have invented certain 8 is an air chamber resting uponthe plate 6 and secured to the base 1 by suitable means thus clampingbetween it and the base 1 the valve plate 6 forming tight jointstherewith. The air chamber 8 is also preferably of substantially annularform. The space siurounded by the air chamber con stitutes a charge orexpansion chamber 9 of circular section somewhat larger atthe bottomthan at the top. The bottom of the chamber 9 coincides with the centralhole of the valve plate 33. A discharge pipe 10 from the air chamber,which opens thereinto near its bottom, extends upward to the exteriorfrom which point it is continued to any desired place by a suitablepipe. The chamber 9 may extend upwardly above the air chamber, its upperpart forming a charge space. The charge space, downward extension andthe saucer shape base form one expansion chamber. Opening intoiheexplosion chamber from the discharge pipe 10 is an inlet governed by acontrolled valve l'l'called the compression valve. The opening of valve11 communicates with chamber 9 through a wide port 12. Opening into thesame port 12 as valve 11, is a second and similar opening to that justdescribed and along side thereof, also governed by a controlled valve13. The location of these valves is shown in Figs. 4c and 5 andparticularly in Fi e. 7 and 8. This last mentioned valve controlledopening serves as an exhaust and communicates from the interior of thechamber 9 through port 12 to the exterior by passage way 14 and 15 andgas exhaust pipe The pipe 16 with its do n r extension may and sometimesis entirely dispensed with and the exhaust gases permitted to escapethrough the downward opening of pa ssage 15. Another opening into thechamber 9 controlled by a valve 17 serves as a charge inlet. An air pump18 is provided shown in the present instance as a bellows whose outlet19 ommunicates with the opening controlled by valve 17. Fuel introducingmeans are provided which may be of any-suitable character and which mayintroduce any suitable form of fuel. In the present instance I haveshown for this purpose, a pump 20 ada ted to introduce liquid fuel. Anigniting (evice is also iaovided which may be of any suitable charac erand i which for the present purposes, I have shown as a rotatable wiper21, Fig. 3, and i an insulated electrode 22,.Fig. 4, which are wiper toeffect their movement an opera tion in proper sequence. Any suitablemeans may be provided to cause rotation in shaft 24, either by power orby a handle attached to said shaft. In the drawings I have shown forthis purpose, a small hydraulic motor 25 shown as a three cylinderengine having an inlet pipe 26 controlled by a cock or valve 27connected to the discharge )ipe by a passage 26. The motor is alsoprovided with a discharge or exhaust pipe 29 connected to passage 14.

The fuel introducing pump which 1 preferably employ consists of means topump the liquid fuel into the machine and simultaneously reduce it tospray or vapor form. As shown in Fig. 6, it consists of a plunger pumpof ordinary form so far as concerns the pump. It is provided with inletand discharge valves 30 and 31 respectively. It difi'els from ordinarypumps in that it is provided with an air cylinder 32 -d and piston 33therein of very much larger size than the fuel plunger 3dr. The cylinder32 is provided with a pipe 35 which serves also for the inlet and outletof air and the outlet of the fuel pump. This pipe 35 enters into theair-passage 19. A piston rod 36 serves both for the piston 33 and thepluner 34 and is provided with means for adlusting the length of itsstroke consisting in the resent instance of threads 37 and adjusta lenuts 38 so as to provide'for slack or waste motion between the pumpiston and the cam which operates it in one irection. A spring 39 effectsthe motion of this fuel pump in the opposite direction from theoperatingcam.

The exhaust passages l-i and 15 may be enlarged portion 15 may besupplied with a downward extension of the gas exhaust pipe 16. Theportion of pipe 16 which is within the passage 15 may be supplied with aperforated plate at the topas shown and 5 a light valve at any part ofits length open- 26. The bellows drives a current of air through thechar e space of chamber 9 sweeping out completely the previous charge orthe. products of its combustion and leaving in the place thereof, avolume of pure air. The position as to height of the exhaust valve 13determines and maintains a normal level of the upper surface of thewater during the introduction of the scavengering air or charge, thusproviding for a uniform capacity of the, charge space and charge. At theproper time, the fuel pump sprays a suitable amount of fuel vapor intothe current of air passing to the valve controlled inlet or into the airin the charge space. When the proper charge in the explosion chamber,the valve 17 closes; exhaust valve 18 also closes and the compressionvalve 11 opens. The opening of the valve 11 permits the inflow of waterfrom the air chamber through the discharge pipe I 10 into the chamber 9raising the Water therein from its normal level which is that of thevalve 13. This admission of water by valve 11 compresses the charge tothe pressure of the air chamber or thatof the head. Imme diatelyfollowing the compression of the charge, the sparking devices ignite thecharge causing it to inflame expand and drive the water contained in thechamber 9 ownward with great violence and rapidity. and, being deflectedby the annular return curve of the bottom ot the charge chamber, up intothe S11 chamber through the valves 7. From the air chamber it finds exitthrough the discharge pipe 10. The deflecting hood 4 not only assists indirecting the explosion driven" water into the air chamber but it alsodirects the rush of water due to vacuum, in the same direction. Theefi'cct of the expansion or explosion of the charge in the chanil er 9displaces a large proportion of the water. in this chamber and sometimesthe whole oi it and in all cases a volume of water several times theoriginal atmospheric volume of the charge: As a consequence of this, apartial vacuum is formed gin chamber 10 which permits the atmosextendedas shown m Fig. 2 down to and beneath the surface of the water and thephcrlc pressure to drive the water through the inlet pipe 2 past valve 3with great velocity. The shape of the hood, base and annular passage way5 directs, as stated, this incoming stream againstv the valves 7. Thekinetic inertia or ram of the inrushing water is thus utilized. Theincoming water, having lost much of its energy, rises rapidly to thenormal level in chamber 9. Any ex- 'cess which may come in and raise thewater in chamber 9 above its normal levtl flows away immediately throughpassage 14 and exit 15 ahead of the spent gases forced out by theincoming air from the bellows. upon the opening of the exhaust valve 13.

'- I preferably construct the pump or bellows to deliver a larger volumeof air lfltl scopes than the intended charge and arrange that i the fuelis introduced into it after the first portion of the air has passedthrough. By I this means, the spent gases of the last ex- 1 plosion areswe t completely out of the! charge space an each time a cleannncontaminated charge is furnished. 1

The arrangement of the exhaust passage 15 described, being the outletfor both tnei spent gas and exhaust water of the motor, constitutes asimple exhausting device for;

the spentcharges acting upon the principle of a trompe or hydraulicbellows and supplements the pump or bellows. As it is only i necessaryor desirable to sweep all the spent; gases out of the explosion chamberat atmosf pheric pressure, itwonld be found COHVOIP ient in someinstances to extend the hydraulic j bellows principle and dispense withthe mechanical bellows or pump entirely.

Owing to the peculiar nature of the means of utilizing heatcner involvedin this invention, it is extrem y desirable, if not essentia that nounavoidable obstruction should be interposed in the path of the waterpiston. Explosive energy is so intense and 1 so transient that the waterpiston attains an extremely high velocity. In order to provide for thisvalve capacity must be provided greatly in excess of that usual underordinary circumstances involving the moving of water. It thereforebecomes a matter of importance that machines operating under the presentinvention shall be so designed as to permit and provide for great valvearea in the ath of the water piston, for its exit. A sing e valve of anyordinary type of suiticiently large capacity would be disadvantageousowing to its liability to get out of order and the mechanicaldill'iculties of construction in the device itself to pro ide for itsconvenient location. Another source of trouble arising out of theemployment of one valve is the practical impossibility of balancing theinertia of this rapid piston traveling in one direction has crsely tothe machine. In the present invention, the practical difiiculty relatingto the valve has been overcome in asimple and satisfactory way byproviding a multiplicity of small valves arranged in a circle at, thebase of the air chamber as already described. This ar- 'angeinent notonly overcomes the stated dilliculties relating to the valve but alsodistributes the shock evenly and prevents the inertia of the water beingdirected transversely to the machine in one direction.

It is obvious that many changes in const ruction, arrangement anproportion of the various parts may be made without departing from theessential character of this invention, I therefore do not desire toconfine invself in these or any other unessential particulars.

What. I claim is:-

l. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising, a combustion andexpansion chamber, nieans to introduce fuel thin-canto. an igniter, achamber to contain a I'LJIillill cushion substantially concentric to the0;- pansion chamber against which the fuel expansion directs i s energy,a deflector-lictween the chambers to direct \Vutvi' agzunst the cushion.means to introduce water bctween the fuel and the resilient cushion. andmeans to prevent the direct return of the greater portion of the rarerafter ignition of the fuel.

2. A de ice for utilizing heat energy com; prising an expansion chamberhaving in and out flow charge rczulnting valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, an air chamber surrounding: the expansion chamber. a pluralityof valve controlled passag'es between the cx;.-ansioi't and air chambersin thc pathof the water pi ton and a valve controlled water pas age fromthe exterior into the expansion chamber.

A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion Chamberhaving in and out tlow charge ltgtllnllng valves and an igniter. saidchamber tltltllllttl to contain and permit the operation therein of awater piston, .an air chamber surrounding the expaiision chamber. aplurality of valve controlled passages between the expansion and airchambers arranged around the expmr sion chamber and a valve controlledwater passage from ti e exterior into the expansion chamber.

4. 3; device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberenlarging downward having in and outflow charge regulating; valves andan ignitcr. said chamber adapted to contain and permit the ation thereinof a water piston. an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber, avalve controlled passage between the expansion and air chambers and avalve cont rolled Water passage from the exterior into the expansionchamber.

5. A de ice for utilizing) heat energv comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out flo charge regulating valves and an ign ter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein or a waterpiston, an air chamber surrmnuling: the oxansion chamber. a valvecmitrollwl passage etween the expansion and air chambers and a valvecontrolled \vater passage from the exterior into the expansion chamber.the expansion chamber havin; an annular recnrved end or base adapted todirect water therefrom to the air chamber.

6. A do. '-'.'e for utili .ing heat energy coin prising an expansionchaml :1 having in and out flow charge regulating valves and aninnit'er. said chamber adapted to contain and permit'the operation tl..rein of aavuter piston,

operigniter, san

an air chamber surrounding the expansion her. a plurality of valvecontrolled pasbetween the expansion and air chainbe r. and a valvecontrolled water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamherand means adapted to compress the charge prior to ignition.

T. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out than c.:. r regulating valves and an chamber adaptedto contain and permit the operation therein of a water pis ton, an airchamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a plurality of valvecontrolled passages between the expansion and air chambers arrangedaround the expansion chamber, a valve controlled water passage from theex i -r into the expansion chamher and n adapted to compress the chargeprior to ignition.

8. i. levicc for utilizing heat energy comrising an expansion chamberenlarging downward having in and out flow charge regniating valves andan igniter, said chamber adapted to con ain and permit the operationtherein oi Water piston, an air chamber surround g the expansionchamber, a valve contro r passage between the expansion and airchambers, 21 valve controlled Water passage from the exterior into theexpansion c er and means adapted to compress the c e prior to ignition.

9. A device 01- u'tiiising heat energy cor prisii' an expansion chamberhaving in and out tir-v regulating valves and an "mile. a' T c amberadapted iocontain and permit c therein of aavater piston, an il chambersurrounding the expansir cha ..ber, 11 valve controlled passage betweenthe expansion and air chambers, a valve controlled water passage fromthe ex tcricr into the exp: isioncharnbenthe expansion chamber having anannular recurred end or base adapted to direct water therefrom to theair cbariiber and means adapted to compress the charge prior toignition. v

10. A device for utilizing heat energy comprisin an expansion fcharnberhavingin and out low charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to-contain and permit the operation .herem of a waterpiston, an air chamber surrounding the exansion chamber, a plural oivalve con trolled passages between the ex ansion and air chem a valvecontrolle vwater passage from the exterior into the expansion chamberand a co: trollable water valve be tween the air and expansion chamberswhereby the charge is compressediprior to igniion. w s

11. A device for -tillzing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in chamber and a controllable water valve be tween the air andexpansion chambers whereby the charge is compressed prior to ignitron. v12. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberenlarging downward having in and out flow charge regulating valves andan igniter. said chamber adapted to contain and permit the operationtherzin of a water piston, an air chamber surrounding the expansionchamber, a valve controlled passage between the expansion and airchambers and a valve controlled water passage from the exterior into theexpansion chamber and a controllable water valve between the air andexpansion cha nto ignition.

13 A device for ntilizing heat energy ,comprisin an expansion chamberhaving m valve to prevent thedirect return 0 and out ow chargeregulating valves an an igaiter, said chamber adapted to contain andpermit the operation therein of a water piston, an air chambersurrounding the expansion chamber, a valve controlled passage etween theexpansion and. air chambers and a valve controlled water passage fromthe exterior into the expansion chamber, the expansion chamber having anannular recurved end or base adapted to direct Water therefrom to theair chamber and a controllable water valve between the air and expansionchambers whereby the charge is compressed prior to i nition.

14. A device for utilizing heat ener comprising, a combustion andexpansion chamber, means to introduce fuel thereinto, an igniter, achamber substantially concentric to the expansion chamber to contain airagainst which the expansion of the fuel exends its en'ergy, a deflectorbetween the chambers to direct; water against the air in the chamber,means to introduce water between the fuel and'the air-chamber afndha t egreater-portionpi the water after ignition Oi'tllB fuel;

15. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out fiow charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain i and permit the operation therein of a fluidpiston, means adapted to introduce a gaseous fluid into the ex ansionchamber, means adapted to maintain a constant normal level of' the fluidpiston during the introduction of the fluid, an air chamber surroundingthe expansion chamber, a valve controlled ppsand permit the operationtherein of a water sage between the expanslon and alt rai bers and avalve controlled water passage from the exterior into the expansionchamber. 16. A device for utilizing heat energy comprisirg an expansionchamber having in and out ow charge regulating valves and an igniter,said chamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of awater piston, means adapted to introduce gaseous fluid into the ex nsionchamber, means ada ted to maintain a constant normal level of t e waterpiston during the introduction of the fluid, an air chamber surroundingthe expansion chamber, a valve controlled passage between the expansionand air chambers and a valve controlled water passage from the exteriorinto the expansion chamher, the expansion chamber having an annulatrecnrved end or base adapted to direct water therefrom to the airchamber.

17. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out flow charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation thcreinof a waterpiston, means adapted to introduce a gaseous fluid into the expansionchamber, means adapted to maintain a constant normal level of the waterpiston during the introduction of the fluid, an air chamber surroundingthe expansion chamber, a valve controlled passage between the expansionand air chamhers and a valve controlled water passage from the exteriorinto the expansion chamber and means adapted to compress the chargeprior, to ignition.

18. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out tlow charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, a bellows for introducing a measured volumeofgaseous fiuid intothe expansion chamber, means adapted to maintain a con stunt normallevel of the water piston during the introduction of the fluid, an airchamber surrounding the expansion chambet, a valve controlled passagebetween the expansion and air chambers and a' valve controlled waterpassage from the exterior into the expansion chamber. i 19. .L devicefor utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamber enlargingdownward and having in wind, out flow charge regulatin valves and aniguiter, said chamber aduptc to contain and permit the operation thereinof a water piston, a bellows for iutroducingl'a measured volume ofgaseous fluid into tie expansion chamber, iueuns ad ied to maintain aconstant level of the water piston during the introduction of the fluid,an air-climber surrounding the expansion chamber, a. valve controlledpassagc'beln'ccu the expansion and an chambers, and a valve controlledwater passage 20111 the exterior into the expansion cham- 20. A devicefor utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamber enlargingdownward having in and out flow charge regulating valves and an igniter,said chamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of awater piston, a bellows adapted to introduce a, measured volume ofgaseous fluid into the expansion chamber, means adapted to maintain aconstant level of the water piston during the introduction of the fluid,an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a valve controlledopening between the expansionand-air chambers, 21 valve controlled waterpassa e from' the exterior into the expansion c amber, the expansionchamber having an annular recurved end or base adapted to direct thewater therefrom to the air chamber;

21. A device for utilizing heat; energy comprising an ex ansion chamberenlarging downward and having in and out how chamber adapted to containand permit the operation therein of a water piston, a bel lows adaptedto introduce a measured volume of gaseous fluid into the expansionchamber, means adapted tomsintain a con introduction of the fluid, anair chamber surrounding the, expansion chamber, a multiplicity of valvecontrolled openings be.- tween the expansion and air embers in the pathof the Water piston and a valve controlled water passage from theexterior into the expansion chamber, the expansion chamber having anannular recurved end or base adapted to direct the water therefrom tothe air chamber.

22. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhavin in and out flow charge regulating valves an an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of awaterpiston, and having a charge space above the water piston of constantarea, an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a valvecontrolled passage between the expansion and air chambers and a valvecontrolled water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamberand means for forcing through the charge space a volume of air greaterthan the capacit; of said space.

23. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhavm in and out how charge regulat' valves an an igniter, said chamberadapte to contain and permit the operation therein of a water piston,and having a charge space above the water piston of constant area, anair chamber surroundin the expansion chamber, a P valve controlle assagebetween. the expunsion and air 0 iambers and a valve controlled waterpassage from the exterior into charge regulating valvm and an igniter,midstant level of the water piotou during the the expansion chamber.

through the charge space a greater than the capacity of said space andmeans adapted to compress the charge prior to lgllltlOll.

' vices in proper sequence tinuously rotatable shaft and vices thereonwhereby a complete operative cycle is completed ateach rotation of theshaft.

I '25. A device for at comprising an expansion means for forcing lvolume of air chamber havin consisting of a conactuating deilizing heatenergy chamber .having in and outflow charge regulating valve and anignitcr. said chamber adapted to contain piston. an air chamber pensionchamber, a \'{\l\ surrounding the exe controlled passage between theexpansion and air chambers and a. valve controlled tvater passage fromthe and permit the oprration therein of a water l exterior into theexpansion chamber. means foractuating the valv es and igniting devicesin proper sequence consisting of a motor having a continuously rotatableshaft and actuating devices thereon whereby a complete operative cycleis completed at each rotation of the shaft.

26. A devicefor ut comprising an expansi on chamber having in and outflow charge regulating valves and an igaiter, said chamber adapted tocontain and permit the operation therein of a water piston, an airchamber surrounding the expansion chamber; a valve controlled passagebetween the expansion and air chambers and a valve controlled waterpassage from the exterior into the expansion chamber, and means foractuating the valves and igniting devices in proper seqne cc consistingof a multiple cylinder motor having a shaft and actuating devicesthereon whereby a complete operative cycle is completed at each rotationoi the shaft.

27. A device for u tilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out how charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, an air 0 hamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a valvecontrolled assage bcttveen the expansion and air l t l chambers and avalve cont rolled water pas sage from the exterior into the expansionchamber, a device adap fuel and introduce it in ted to atouiize liquidthe form of spray.

28. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out iiow charge regulating valves and an ignitcr, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a Waterpiston, an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber. a valvecontrolled passage between the expansion and air chambers, a valvecontrolled water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamberand a device adapted to atomize and introduce measured volumes of liquidfuel.

29. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out flow charge regulatin valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapter to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, an air chamber surrounding the ex pansion chamber, a valvecontrolled passage between the expansion and air chambers and a. valvecontrolled water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamberand a device adapted to atomize measured volumes of liquid fuel andintroduce it in the form of spray. v

30. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out flow-charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a fluidpiston, an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a valvecontrolled passage between the expansion and air chainbers and a valvecontrolled water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamber,means adapted to compress the charge prior to ignition and means foractuating the valves, igniting devices and compression device in propersequence consisting of a continuously rotatable shaft and actuatingdevices thereon whereby a complete operative cycle is completed at eachrotation of the shaft.

31. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chain orhaving in and out tiotv charge regulating valves and an 1gniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the opera ion therein of a waterpt ton. an air chamber"surroumling the expan sion, chamber, a valve controlled passage between the expansion and air chambers and a valvecontrolled \vater passage from the exterior into the expansion chamber.means for compressing the charge prior to ignition. and nieans foractuating the valves. igniting device and compression device in propersequence consisting of a motor having a con Cit tinuously rotatableshaft and actuating devices thereon whereby a complete operative cycleis completed at each rotation of the shaft.

32. A device for utilizinghcat energy COIN prising an expansion chamberhaving in and out. t'lovv charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a valvecontrolled passage between the expansion and air chambers, 21 valvecontrolled water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamber,means for compressing the charge prior to ignition and means foractuating the valves, igniting device and compression device in propersequence consisting of a multiple cylinder niotor having a rotatableshaftand devices is completed at each rotation of the shaft.

33. A device for utihzmgheat ener y com- .prising an expansion chamberhaving in and out tiovv charge regulating-valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a valvecontrolled passage between the expansion and air chambers, a valvecontrolled Water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamber, adevice adapted to atomize liquid fuel and introduce it in the f rm ofspray, and means adapted to compress the charge prior to ignition.

3i. A device for utilizing heatenergy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and out flow charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adaptedto contain and permitthe operation therein of a waterpiston. an air chamber surrounding the expan= sion chamber, a valvecontrolled passage between the expansion and air cl'iambcrs and a valvecontrolled water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamber, adevice adapted to atomize and introduce measured volumes of liquid fueland means adapted to compress the charge prior to ignition.

3.3- A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and outflow charge regulating valves and an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, an air chamber surrounding the expansion chamber, a. valvecontrolled passage between the ex ansion and air chambers and a valvecontro led water passage from the exterior into the expansion chamber, adevice ada ted to aton'nzo measured volumes of liquid fuel and introduceit in the form of s ray and means adapted to compress the charge priorto ignition.

36. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in and cut flow charge regulating valves and an ig iter, saidchamber adapted'to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, means adapted to introduce a measured volume. of gaseous fluidinto the expansion chamber, means adapted to maintain a constant levelof the water during the introduction or the iluid, an air chambersurrounding tnc expansion chamber, a valve controlled passage betweenthe expansion i I l 1 andair chambers and a valve controlled waterpassage from the exterior into the expansion chamber and means foractuating the valves, igniting device and charge intro- 5 ducing devicesin proper sequence consisting of a continuously rotatable shaft andactuating devices thereon whereby a complete operative cycle iscompleted atI-each rotation of the shaft.

3?. A device for utilizing :heat energy comprising an expansion chamberhaving in thereon whereby a complete operative cycle and out iiow chargeregulating valves and an igniter, said chamber adapted to contain andpermit the operation therein oi a water piston, means adapted tointroduce a measured volume of gaseous fluid into the expansion chamber,means adapted to maintain a constant level of the Water piston duringthe introduction of the fluid, an air chamb r surrounding the expansionchamber, a valve controlled passage between the expansion and airchambers, 21 valve controlled water assage from the exterior into theexpansion chamber and means for actuating the valves, igniting deviceand charge introducing devices in proper sequence. consisting of a motorhaving a continuously rotatable shaft and actuating devices thereonwhereby a complete operative cycle is completed at each rotation of theshaft.

38. A device-for utilizing heat energy comprising all-expansion chamberhavim in and out fiow charge regulating valves m an igniter, saidchamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a waterpiston, means adapted to introduce a measured volume of gaseous fluidinto the expansion chamber, means adapted tomaintama constant level ofthe water piston during the introduction of the fluid, an air chambersurrounding the expansion chamber, a valve controlled passage betweenthe expansion and air chambers and a. valve controlled .water passagefrom the exterior into the expansion chamber and means for actuating thej valves, igniting devices and charge introduc ing devices in propersequence consisting of a multiple cylinder; motor having a rotatableshaft and actuating devices thereon whereby a. complete operative cycleis com plete'd ateach rotation of the shaft.

39. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising a combustion andexpansion chamber, means to introduce ruel thereinto, 'an igniter, achamber substantia1ly concen tric to the expansion chamber to contain amagainst which the expansionof the fuel expends its energy, a deflectorbetween the chambers to direct water against; the air in the chamber, avalve to introduce water between the fuel .and 'theair chamber, and avalve to prevent the direct return of the greater portion of the waterafter ignition of the fuel,

40. :A device or gutilizilig heat energy air cushion adapted tocomprising a chamber having in and out flow charge regulating valves andan igniter, means adapted to, operate said valves consisting of a waterdriven motor, means adapted to cause 3 our ent of air to pass throughsaid chamber co'lasisting of a trompe or bellows.

41. In a device for utilizing heat energy comprising a chamber having inand out flow charge regulating valves and an igniter, means adapted tooperate said valve consisting of a water driven motor, means adapted tocause a current of air to pass through said chamber consisting of atrompe or water bellows adapted to utilize the exhaust from the motor.

42. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising achamber having in andout flow charge regulating valves and an igniter,

said chamber adapted to contain and permit the operation therein of awater. piston, an air cushion adapted to resist the movement of theWater piston and means adapted to remove the spent gases comprising atrompe or Water bellows.

43. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising a chamber having inand out liow charge regulating valves and an igniter, said chamberadapted to contain and permit the operation therein of a water piston,an

of the water piston and means adapted to remove the spentgasescomprising a trompe or water bellows and means adapted to com pressthe charge prior to ignition H. A device for utilizing heat ener prisinga combustion and expansion means to introduce a thereinto, an igniter,resil cut cushion substantially the'evpausion chamber against which theexpansion of the fuel expends its energy, a deflector. between thechambers to direct water against the cushion in the chamber, and meansto prevent the direct return of the greater portion of the water afterignition of the fuel;

45. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising, a combustion andexpansion chamber, means to introduce a measured volume of fuelthereinto, an igniter, a chamber substantially concentric to theexpansion chamber :to contain air against which the expansion of thefuel expends its energy, a deflector between the chambers todirectu'ratcr against the air in the chamber, means to introduce waterbetween the fuel and the air chamber, and a valve toprevent the directreturn of the greater portion of the water after ignition of the fuel.

46. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising, a combustion andexpansion chamber, means to ina'oduce a measured volume of fuelthereinto, an igniter, a chamber substantially concentric to theexpansion y, comchamber, measured volume of fuel resist the movement achamber to contain a concentric to l l l l liected laterallyinto the airchamber to contain air against which the expansion of the fuel expendsits energy, a deflector between the chambers I to direct water againstthe air in the chamber a valve to introduce water between the l'uel andthe air chamber, and a valve to prevent the direct return of the greaterportion oi the water after ignition of the fuel.

47. An apparatus Lor raising or moving Water comprising a combustion orexpansion chamber, means for introducing fuel thereinto, an igniter, anair chamber surrounding said chamber, means for introducing water intothe expansion chamber, a. passage between the expansion hamber and theair chamber and a deflector having a raised center substantiallyconcentric with the expansion chamber whereby the water expelled fromthe expansion chamber isdptlected laterally into the air chamber.

48. An apparatus for raising or moving water comprising a combustion orexpansion chamber, means for introducing fuel thereinto, an igniter anair chamber surrounding said chamoer, means for introducing water intothe expansion chamber, a passage between the expansion chamber and theair chamber and a deflector having a raised center substantiallyconcentric with the expansion chamber whereby the. iv expelled from theexpansion chamber and a substantially annular passage around saiddeflector for incoming water.

49. An apparatus water comprising a substantially circular combustion orexpansion chamber, means for introducing fuel thereinto, an igniter anair chamber surrounding and communieating with said chamber andsubstantially concentric therewith, a water inlet valve beneatlntheexpansion chamber substantially concentric therewith.

50. An apparatus for raising or moving water comprising a substantiallycircular combustion or expansion chamber, means for introducing fuelthereinto, an igniter, an air chamber surrounding and communieating withsaid chamber and substantially concentric therewith, a water inlet valvebeneath the expansion chamber substantially concentric therewith and adel'lector above the inlet valve substantially concern for raising ormoving trio with the expansion chamber whereby water expelled from theexpansion chamber is deflected laterally into the air chamber.

51. An apparatus for raising or moving water comprising a substantiallycircular; combustion or expansion chamber, means for introducing fuelthereinto, an igniter, an air chamber surrounding and communicating withsaid chamber and substantially concentric therewith, a water inlet valvebeneath the expans on chamber substantially concentric therewith, adeflector above are inlet valve substantially concentricwith theexpansion chamber whereby water expelled from the expansion chamber isdeflected laterally into the air chamber and a passage orpassages aroundthe edges of the deflector for the incoming water.

52. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising a combustion andexpansion chamber, means forintroducing fuel thereinto, means forcompressing the charge after its introduction and prior to ignition, anigniter, a resilient cushion substantially concentric to the expansionchamber aga nst which the expansion due to combustion of the fuelexpends its energy, means for intro-"g ducing water between the fuel andthe resilient cushion andmeans for preventing the direct return of thegreater portion of the water after the ignition of the fuel.

A device for utilizing heat energy comprising a combustion and expansionchamber, means for inlroclucing fuel thereinto, means for compressingthe charge after its introduction and prior to ignition, an igniter, achamber substantially concentric to the expansion to contain air orother resilient fiuid against which the expansion due to combustion ofthe fuel cxpends its energy, means for introducing water between thefuel and the air chamber and a valve for preventing the direct return ofthe greater portion of the water after ignition of the fuel.

54. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising a combustion andexpansion chamber, means for introducing fuel thereinto, means forcompressing the charge after its introduction and prior to ignition,anigniter, a chamber substantially concentric to the expansion chamberto contain air or' other resilient fluid against which the expansion dueto combustion of the fuel expends its energy, a valve for introducingwater between the fuel and the air chamber and a valve for preventingthe direct return of the greater portion of the water after ignition ofthe fuel.

55. A device for utilizing heat energy I l l comprising a combustion andexpansion chamber, means for introducing a measured volume of fuelthereinto means for compressing the charge after its introduction andprior to ignition, an igniter, a resilient cushion snbstantiallyconcentric to the expansion chamber against which the expansion due tocombustion of the fuel expends its energy,

';means for introducing water between the fuel and the resilientcushion, and means for preventing the direct return of the greaterportion of the water after ignition of the fuel.

56. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising a combustion andexpansion chamber, means for introducing a measured volume of fuelthereinto, means for compressing'the charge after its introductionandprior to ignition, an igniter, a chamber substantially concentric tothe expansion chamber to contain air or other resilient fluid againstwhich the expansion due to combustion of the fuel expends its energy,means for introducing water between the fuel and the air chamber and avalve for preventing the direct return of the greater portion of thewater after the ignition of the fuel.

57. A device for utilizing heat energy comprising a combustion andexpansion chamber, means for introducing, a measured volume of fuelthereinto, means for compressing the charge after its introduction andprior to ignition, an igniter, a chamber substantially concentric to theexpansion chamber to contain air or other resilient fluid against whichthe expansion due to combustion of the fuel expcnds its energy, a valvefor the-introduction of water between the fuel and the air chamber and avalve for preventing the direct return of the greater ortion of thewater after ignition of the .WILLIAM H. SMYTII. "tnesses:

JOHN H. MILLER, J ESSE R. Eorr.

